What is Metformin (Glucophage)?

Metformin (brand name: Glucophage) is an oral antidiabetic medication used to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. It works by improving the body’s sensitivity to insulin, reducing glucose production in the liver, and decreasing glucose absorption in the intestines. Metformin is also used off-label for conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and weight management in certain cases.

Metformin is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations.

• Generic name: metformin hydrochloride
• Brand names: Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Glumetza
• Drug classes: Biguanides

Warnings

• Do not use metformin if you have severe kidney disease or are undergoing dialysis.
• Metformin may cause lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition characterized by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience symptoms like muscle pain, weakness, difficulty breathing, or unusual fatigue.
• Avoid using metformin during severe infections, dehydration, or if you are undergoing imaging studies with iodinated contrast dyes.
• Consult your healthcare provider before using metformin if you have liver disease or heart failure.

Before Using This Product

• Inform your healthcare provider if you have a history of kidney or liver disease, heart conditions, or vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Disclose any medications you are taking, including insulin or other antidiabetic drugs, as dosage adjustments may be needed.
• Do not use metformin if you have type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis.

How Should I Take Metformin (Glucophage)?

• Dosage: Initial doses typically range from 500 mg to 850 mg once or twice daily, gradually increased as needed, up to a maximum of 2,000–2,500 mg per day.
• With Food: Take metformin with meals to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects.
• Extended-Release: Swallow extended-release tablets whole; do not crush or chew them.

What Happens If I Miss a Dose?

• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, unless it is close to the next scheduled dose.
• If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule.
• Do not double doses to make up for a missed dose.

What Happens If I Overdose?

• Symptoms of overdose may include severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or symptoms of lactic acidosis such as muscle pain, difficulty breathing, or extreme fatigue.
• Seek emergency medical attention if you suspect an overdose.

What to Avoid

• Avoid consuming excessive alcohol while taking metformin, as this increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
• Avoid high-sugar or high-carbohydrate diets that may counteract the effects of metformin.
• Avoid skipping meals, as this can cause low blood sugar when combined with other diabetes medications.

Metformin Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Loss of appetite
• Metallic taste in the mouth

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe or unusual symptoms, such as:

• Signs of lactic acidosis (e.g., muscle pain, weakness, difficulty breathing)
• Severe allergic reactions, such as swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
• Severe abdominal pain or persistent vomiting